{
  "version": "2026.2",
  "generated_at": "2026-08-23",
  "method": "Monte Carlo, 10,000 paths per state, 30-year retirement",
  "state_tax_inputs": {
    "source": "QuantCalc frozen state-tax engine, via the published State Retirement Tax dataset (frontend/data/state-retirement-tax/2026/)",
    "rate_basis": "Top bracket rate of each state's schedule. Top-of-schedule surtaxes (CA +1% above $1,000,000; MA +4% above $1,107,750) are reported in the surtax_rate column and are not applied \u2014 the modelled retiree's ordinary income is $56,000 a year.",
    "effective_rate_factor": 0.75
  },
  "total_paths": 510000,
  "total_state_years": 15300000,
  "start_age": 60,
  "end_age": 90,
  "start_balance": 2000000,
  "annual_spend": 80000,
  "portfolio": "60/40 stock/bond",
  "rankings": {
    "highest_success_rate": [
      {
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "rate": 77.11
      },
      {
        "name": "Washington",
        "rate": 76.63
      },
      {
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "rate": 76.55
      },
      {
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "rate": 76.53
      },
      {
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "rate": 76.51
      }
    ],
    "lowest_success_rate": [
      {
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "rate": 70.45
      },
      {
        "name": "Hawaii",
        "rate": 70.32
      },
      {
        "name": "New York",
        "rate": 69.62
      },
      {
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "rate": 69.33
      },
      {
        "name": "California",
        "rate": 69.03
      }
    ],
    "lowest_state_tax": [
      {
        "name": "Alaska",
        "tax": 0
      },
      {
        "name": "Florida",
        "tax": 0
      },
      {
        "name": "Illinois",
        "tax": 0
      },
      {
        "name": "Iowa",
        "tax": 0
      },
      {
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "tax": 0
      }
    ],
    "highest_state_tax": [
      {
        "name": "California",
        "tax": 154980
      },
      {
        "name": "Hawaii",
        "tax": 138600
      },
      {
        "name": "New York",
        "tax": 137340
      },
      {
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "tax": 135450
      },
      {
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "tax": 135450
      }
    ],
    "lowest_total_tax": [
      {
        "name": "Alaska",
        "tax": 218400
      },
      {
        "name": "Florida",
        "tax": 218400
      },
      {
        "name": "Illinois",
        "tax": 218400
      },
      {
        "name": "Iowa",
        "tax": 218400
      },
      {
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "tax": 218400
      }
    ],
    "highest_total_tax": [
      {
        "name": "California",
        "tax": 373380
      },
      {
        "name": "Hawaii",
        "tax": 357000
      },
      {
        "name": "New York",
        "tax": 355740
      },
      {
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "tax": 353850
      },
      {
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "tax": 353850
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "alabama",
      "name": "Alabama",
      "abbr": "AL",
      "top_rate": 5.0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.79,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 63000,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 63000,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 281400,
      "median_terminal": 870269,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "alaska",
      "name": "Alaska",
      "abbr": "AK",
      "top_rate": 0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "tax-free",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 76.0,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 972083,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "arizona",
      "name": "Arizona",
      "abbr": "AZ",
      "top_rate": 2.5,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 75.24,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 31500,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 31500,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 249900,
      "median_terminal": 932303,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "arkansas",
      "name": "Arkansas",
      "abbr": "AR",
      "top_rate": 3.7,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.31,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 46620,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 46620,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 265020,
      "median_terminal": 882405,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "california",
      "name": "California",
      "abbr": "CA",
      "top_rate": 12.3,
      "surtax_rate": 1.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 69.03,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 154980,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 154980,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 373380,
      "median_terminal": 695612,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "colorado",
      "name": "Colorado",
      "abbr": "CO",
      "top_rate": 4.4,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": true,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.98,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 55440,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 55440,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 273840,
      "median_terminal": 891583,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "connecticut",
      "name": "Connecticut",
      "abbr": "CT",
      "top_rate": 6.99,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": true,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 72.35,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 88074,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 88074,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 306474,
      "median_terminal": 825261,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "delaware",
      "name": "Delaware",
      "abbr": "DE",
      "top_rate": 6.6,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.07,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 83160,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 83160,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 301560,
      "median_terminal": 869434,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "florida",
      "name": "Florida",
      "abbr": "FL",
      "top_rate": 0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "tax-free",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 75.93,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 954632,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "georgia",
      "name": "Georgia",
      "abbr": "GA",
      "top_rate": 4.99,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.22,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 62874,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 62874,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 281274,
      "median_terminal": 916606,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "hawaii",
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "abbr": "HI",
      "top_rate": 11.0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 70.32,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 138600,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 138600,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 357000,
      "median_terminal": 729600,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "idaho",
      "name": "Idaho",
      "abbr": "ID",
      "top_rate": 5.3,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.0,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 66780,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 66780,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 285180,
      "median_terminal": 844710,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "illinois",
      "name": "Illinois",
      "abbr": "IL",
      "top_rate": 4.95,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 75.99,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 972093,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "indiana",
      "name": "Indiana",
      "abbr": "IN",
      "top_rate": 2.95,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.56,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 37170,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 37170,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 255570,
      "median_terminal": 918688,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "iowa",
      "name": "Iowa",
      "abbr": "IA",
      "top_rate": 3.8,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 76.19,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 969132,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "kansas",
      "name": "Kansas",
      "abbr": "KS",
      "top_rate": 5.58,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.03,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 70308,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 70308,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 288708,
      "median_terminal": 837701,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "kentucky",
      "name": "Kentucky",
      "abbr": "KY",
      "top_rate": 3.5,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 75.08,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 44100,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 44100,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 262500,
      "median_terminal": 930918,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "louisiana",
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "abbr": "LA",
      "top_rate": 3.0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.33,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 37800,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 37800,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 256200,
      "median_terminal": 904728,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "maine",
      "name": "Maine",
      "abbr": "ME",
      "top_rate": 7.15,
      "surtax_rate": 2.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 72.6,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 90090,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 90090,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 308490,
      "median_terminal": 812095,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "maryland",
      "name": "Maryland",
      "abbr": "MD",
      "top_rate": 6.5,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 73.09,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 81900,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 81900,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 300300,
      "median_terminal": 867559,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "massachusetts",
      "name": "Massachusetts",
      "abbr": "MA",
      "top_rate": 5.0,
      "surtax_rate": 4.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 73.42,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 63000,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 63000,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 281400,
      "median_terminal": 866823,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "michigan",
      "name": "Michigan",
      "abbr": "MI",
      "top_rate": 4.25,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.79,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 53550,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 53550,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 271950,
      "median_terminal": 891904,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "minnesota",
      "name": "Minnesota",
      "abbr": "MN",
      "top_rate": 9.85,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": true,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 70.45,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 124110,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 124110,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 342510,
      "median_terminal": 763551,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "mississippi",
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "abbr": "MS",
      "top_rate": 4.0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 76.51,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 987119,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "missouri",
      "name": "Missouri",
      "abbr": "MO",
      "top_rate": 4.7,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.5,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 59220,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 59220,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 277620,
      "median_terminal": 863034,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "montana",
      "name": "Montana",
      "abbr": "MT",
      "top_rate": 5.65,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": true,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.53,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 71190,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 71190,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 289590,
      "median_terminal": 859237,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "nebraska",
      "name": "Nebraska",
      "abbr": "NE",
      "top_rate": 4.55,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.34,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 57330,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 57330,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 275730,
      "median_terminal": 893215,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "nevada",
      "name": "Nevada",
      "abbr": "NV",
      "top_rate": 0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "tax-free",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 75.44,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 956675,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-hampshire",
      "name": "New Hampshire",
      "abbr": "NH",
      "top_rate": 0,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "tax-free",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 76.14,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 218400,
      "median_terminal": 981942,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-jersey",
      "name": "New Jersey",
      "abbr": "NJ",
      "top_rate": 10.75,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 70.57,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 135450,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 135450,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 353850,
      "median_terminal": 764410,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-mexico",
      "name": "New Mexico",
      "abbr": "NM",
      "top_rate": 5.9,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": true,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 72.91,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 74340,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 74340,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 292740,
      "median_terminal": 842261,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "new-york",
      "name": "New York",
      "abbr": "NY",
      "top_rate": 10.9,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": true,
      "success_rate": 69.62,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 137340,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 137340,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 355740,
      "median_terminal": 747827,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-carolina",
      "name": "North Carolina",
      "abbr": "NC",
      "top_rate": 3.99,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 73.54,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 50274,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 50274,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 268674,
      "median_terminal": 862936,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "north-dakota",
      "name": "North Dakota",
      "abbr": "ND",
      "top_rate": 2.5,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "friendly",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
      "success_rate": 74.64,
      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 31500,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 31500,
      "median_aca_clawback": 0,
      "median_total_tax": 249900,
      "median_terminal": 942362,
      "p10_terminal": 0
    },
    {
      "slug": "ohio",
      "name": "Ohio",
      "abbr": "OH",
      "top_rate": 2.75,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 34650,
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    {
      "slug": "oklahoma",
      "name": "Oklahoma",
      "abbr": "OK",
      "top_rate": 4.5,
      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "moderate",
      "taxes_ss": false,
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      "estate_tax": false,
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      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 56700,
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      "slug": "oregon",
      "name": "Oregon",
      "abbr": "OR",
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      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
      "tier": "high-tax",
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      "estate_tax": true,
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    },
    {
      "slug": "pennsylvania",
      "name": "Pennsylvania",
      "abbr": "PA",
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      "tier": "friendly",
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      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": true,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
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    {
      "slug": "rhode-island",
      "name": "Rhode Island",
      "abbr": "RI",
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      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
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      "taxes_trad": true,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 75474,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 75474,
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    },
    {
      "slug": "south-carolina",
      "name": "South Carolina",
      "abbr": "SC",
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      "tier": "moderate",
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      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 65646,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 65646,
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    },
    {
      "slug": "south-dakota",
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "abbr": "SD",
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      "surtax_rate": 0.0,
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      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
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    {
      "slug": "tennessee",
      "name": "Tennessee",
      "abbr": "TN",
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      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
      "p90_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
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    },
    {
      "slug": "texas",
      "name": "Texas",
      "abbr": "TX",
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      "taxes_trad": false,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 0,
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    {
      "slug": "utah",
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      "abbr": "UT",
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      "taxes_trad": true,
      "estate_tax": false,
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      "median_lifetime_state_tax": 56070,
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    {
      "slug": "vermont",
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      "abbr": "VT",
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    {
      "slug": "virginia",
      "name": "Virginia",
      "abbr": "VA",
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      "slug": "washington",
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    {
      "slug": "west-virginia",
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      "abbr": "WV",
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    {
      "slug": "wisconsin",
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "abbr": "WI",
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      "slug": "wyoming",
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    {
      "slug": "district-of-columbia",
      "name": "District of Columbia",
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  ]
}