{"title":"How Much Tax Do You Pay on a 401(k) Withdrawal in 2026? The Real Tax vs the 20% Withheld, Six Households and Every State","unit":"USD","taxYear":2026,"generator":"scripts/gen_401k_withdrawal_study.mjs","engine":{"federal":"2.3.1","state":"1.14.2"},"license":"CC0-1.0","households":[{"id":"W1","label":"Single, 45, $60,000 of wages","inputs":{"filing":"single","age":45,"wages":60000}},{"id":"W2","label":"Married filing jointly, both 45, $120,000 of wages ($60,000 each)","inputs":{"filing":"mfj","age":45,"spouseAge":45,"wages":120000,"spouseSplit":{"iraDistributions":0,"wages":60000}}},{"id":"W3","label":"Single, 52, retired, no other income (no exception to the 10%)","inputs":{"filing":"single","age":52}},{"id":"W4","label":"Single, 56, left the employer in the year of turning 55, no other income, withdrawing from that employer's 401(k)","inputs":{"filing":"single","age":56,"separationYearAge":55,"earlyException":"other"}},{"id":"W5","label":"Single, 63, retired, a $36,000 pension, Social Security not yet claimed","inputs":{"filing":"single","age":63,"pension":36000}},{"id":"W6","label":"Married filing jointly, 67 and 65, $40,000 of Social Security","inputs":{"filing":"mfj","age":67,"spouseAge":65,"socialSecurity":40000,"spouseSplit":{"iraDistributions":0}}}],"notes":"Tax added = 2026 tax with the withdrawal - tax without it (federal includes the 10% additional tax). withheld_20pct = 20% of the withdrawal (IRC 3405(c)). due_at_filing = federal_tax_added - withheld_20pct.","tables":{"federal":{"columns":["household","filing_status","age","spouse_age","wages","pension","social_security","rule_of_55","withdrawal","federal_tax_added","additional_tax_10pct","withheld_20pct","due_at_filing","federal_share_of_withdrawal","kept_after_federal"],"rows":[["W1","single",45,null,60000,0,0,0,10000,2553,1000,2000,553,0.2553,7447],["W1","single",45,null,60000,0,0,0,25000,7353,2500,5000,2353,0.29412,17647],["W1","single",45,null,60000,0,0,0,50000,15353,5000,10000,5353,0.30706,34647],["W1","single",45,null,60000,0,0,0,100000,32111,10000,20000,12111,0.32111,67889],["W2","mfj",45,45,120000,0,0,0,10000,2200,1000,2000,200,0.22,7800],["W2","mfj",45,45,120000,0,0,0,25000,6697,2500,5000,1697,0.26788,18303],["W2","mfj",45,45,120000,0,0,0,50000,14697,5000,10000,4697,0.29394,35303],["W2","mfj",45,45,120000,0,0,0,100000,30697,10000,20000,10697,0.30697,69303],["W3","single",52,null,0,0,0,0,10000,1000,1000,2000,-1000,0.1,9000],["W3","single",52,null,0,0,0,0,25000,3393,2500,5000,-1607,0.13572,21607],["W3","single",52,null,0,0,0,0,50000,8823,5000,10000,-1177,0.17646,41177],["W3","single",52,null,0,0,0,0,100000,23176,10000,20000,3176,0.23176,76824],["W4","single",56,null,0,0,0,1,10000,0,0,2000,-2000,0,10000],["W4","single",56,null,0,0,0,1,25000,893,0,5000,-4107,0.03572,24107],["W4","single",56,null,0,0,0,1,50000,3823,0,10000,-6177,0.07646,46177],["W4","single",56,null,0,0,0,1,100000,13176,0,20000,-6824,0.13176,86824],["W5","single",63,null,0,36000,0,0,10000,1200,0,2000,-800,0.12,8800],["W5","single",63,null,0,36000,0,0,25000,3000,0,5000,-2000,0.12,22000],["W5","single",63,null,0,36000,0,0,50000,7953,0,10000,-2047,0.15906,42047],["W5","single",63,null,0,36000,0,0,100000,19231,0,20000,-769,0.19231,80769],["W6","mfj",67,65,0,0,40000,0,10000,0,0,2000,-2000,0,10000],["W6","mfj",67,65,0,0,40000,0,25000,0,0,5000,-5000,0,25000],["W6","mfj",67,65,0,0,40000,0,50000,3179,0,10000,-6821,0.06358,46821],["W6","mfj",67,65,0,0,40000,0,100000,9887,0,20000,-10113,0.09887,90113]]},"net":{"columns":["household","target_after_federal_tax","withdrawal_needed","federal_tax_on_it"],"rows":[["W1",25000,35810,10810],["W2",25000,34849,9848.68],["W3",25000,29259,4258.9],["W4",25000,25988,988],["W5",25000,28408,3408],["W6",25000,25000,0]]},"state":{"columns":["household","withdrawal","state","state_tax_added","federal_and_state_tax","kept_after_both"],"rows":[["W1",50000,"AK",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"AL",1982.35,17335.35,32664.65],["W1",50000,"AR",2637.3,17990.3,32009.7],["W1",50000,"AZ",1250,16603,33397],["W1",50000,"CA",5517.78,20870.78,29129.22],["W1",50000,"CO",2200,17553,32447],["W1",50000,"CT",3307.5,18660.5,31339.5],["W1",50000,"DC",3928,19281,30719],["W1",50000,"DE",3265.88,18618.88,31381.13],["W1",50000,"FL",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"GA",2495,17848,32152],["W1",50000,"HI",3800,19153,30847],["W1",50000,"IA",1900,17253,32747],["W1",50000,"ID",2650,18003,31997],["W1",50000,"IL",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"IN",2350,17703,32297],["W1",50000,"KS",2790,18143,31857],["W1",50000,"KY",661.15,16014.15,33985.85],["W1",50000,"LA",1500,16853,33147],["W1",50000,"MA",2500,17853,32147],["W1",50000,"MD",4073.42,19426.42,30573.58],["W1",50000,"ME",11.88,15364.88,34635.12],["W1",50000,"MI",2125,17478,32522],["W1",50000,"MN",3400,18753,31247],["W1",50000,"MO",2349.28,17702.28,32297.72],["W1",50000,"MS",2000,17353,32647],["W1",50000,"MT",2790.8,18143.8,31856.2],["W1",50000,"NC",1995,17348,32652],["W1",50000,"ND",864.34,16217.34,33782.66],["W1",50000,"NE",3755,19108,30892],["W1",50000,"NH",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"NJ",3049.8,18402.8,31597.2],["W1",50000,"NM",2404.8,17757.8,32242.2],["W1",50000,"NV",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"NY",2833.92,18186.92,31813.08],["W1",50000,"OH",1381.88,16734.88,33265.13],["W1",50000,"OK",1800,17153,32847],["W1",50000,"OR",4311.89,19664.89,30335.11],["W1",50000,"PA",1535,16888,33112],["W1",50000,"RI",1990,17343,32657],["W1",50000,"SC",3102.56,18455.56,31544.45],["W1",50000,"SD",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"TN",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"TX",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"UT",2647.77,18000.77,31999.23],["W1",50000,"VA",2875,18228,31772],["W1",50000,"VT",4370,19723,30277],["W1",50000,"WA",0,15353,34647],["W1",50000,"WI",4601.58,19954.58,30045.42],["W1",50000,"WV",2282.8,17635.8,32364.2],["W1",50000,"WY",0,15353,34647],["W2",50000,"AK",0,14697,35303],["W2",50000,"AL",2015.15,16712.15,33287.85],["W2",50000,"AR",2637.3,17334.3,32665.7],["W2",50000,"AZ",1250,15947,34053],["W2",50000,"CA",5135.56,19832.56,30167.44],["W2",50000,"CO",2200,16897,33103],["W2",50000,"CT",3050,17747,32253],["W2",50000,"DC",4250,18947,31053],["W2",50000,"DE",3265.88,17962.88,32037.13],["W2",50000,"FL",0,14697,35303],["W2",50000,"GA",2495,17192,32808],["W2",50000,"HI",3800,18497,31503],["W2",50000,"IA",1900,16597,33403],["W2",50000,"ID",2650,17347,32653],["W2",50000,"IL",0,14697,35303],["W2",50000,"IN",2350,17047,32953],["W2",50000,"KS",2790,17487,32513],["W2",50000,"KY",661.15,15358.15,34641.85],["W2",50000,"LA",1500,16197,33803],["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